Essay on Leonardo DaVinci - 591 Words

Leonardo DaVinci was born in Renaissance era. He was a true Renaissance man. Leonardo has done many interesting things. For example Leonardo DaVinci was a philosopher, an inventor, architect, engineer, mathematics and lastly he was a painter. He basically liked doing interesting things throughout his life (real). Leonardo was born on April 15, 1452 in Anchiano, Italy. His parents have lived in the area for more than 200 years. San Piero was his father and Catarina was his mother. Leonardo’s father was a notary public and his mother was a farmer’s daughter. Leonardo DaVinci has 17 half brother and sister. Even though his parents have never married each other all those 17 half brother and sisters were kids from other marriages. Five years†¦show more content†¦He wanted to create new machines for a new and evolving world. Through out his life he had many ideas for inventions ranging from small things to enormous things. He had an idea of making a bridge that was big and sounded great but, many other engineers thought it was going to be a disaster and laughed. But Leonardo’s watchers had the last laugh because the bridge was an accomplishment in the end. A century before Galileo and Da Vinci butted heads with challenge of measuring time. During this time Da Vinci sta rted messing around with mechanical gears and invented many things like the bicycle. The biggest resource at the time was water because no one had invented electricity so water was the biggest source for power. So he studied all forms of water for example, liquid, steam, and ice. When Leonardo started to paint this drawing he did it on a dry wall instead of a wet one. What this means it portrays the reaction that was given by the apostle when Jesus had mentioned that someone was going to betray him one of the paintings that Leonardo Da Vinci did was the last super he made it on â€Å"the back wall of a dining hall at the Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan Italy†. This figures that the deteriorated in the much the same way as the last supper. He began that painting in 1495 and he finished it three years later in 1495 but he did not work on it every day though he took his time on it the archives of the convent have beenShow MoreRelatedThe Works of Leonardo DaVinci Essay1100 Word s   |  5 PagesThe lifetime accomplishments of Leonardo DaVinci represent him as one of the most creative and inventive Renaissance men in our world’s history. Leonardo’s lifetime accomplishments showed that he was an individual that continued to progress his work into masterpieces, and believed that his artwork should reflect the world around him. Leonardo contributed to humanities by creating many drawings and paintings, sculptures, and machines. The work of DaVinci has been classified as innovative and creativeRead MoreThe Last Supper2048 Words   |  9 Pagesbody†¦ do this in remembrance of me†. Three artists who have produced paintings of the Last Supper include Leonardo DaVinci, Jacopo Tintoretto and Salvador Dali. Each of these artists interpreted the religious event and recreated it in terms of their own beliefs, time, perceptions and intended audience. Of those mentioned artist, the oldest version of the Last Supper was by Leonardo DaVinci in 1495 – 1498. Throughout this time period, the Roman Catholic Church had influential power in Europe. TheRead MoreImportant Tools And Resources Of An Engineer1556 Words   |  7 Pagesfield not just engineering. This is seen throughout history. A perfect example of the magnitude of this powerful tool, is that of Leonardo Da Vinci. Davinci is a well known household name even today in the twentieth century, even though he was born 563 years ago. The reason for his incredible success lasting for centuries, was his artistic affluence , and precision. Leonardo Da Vinci was a master artist, even considered one of the best of all time, with his paintings being some of the most impressiveRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci : The Greatest Thinkers1201 Words   |  5 PagesLeonardo da Vinci is one of the greatest thinkers in all of history. He has many skills and he has mastered everything from art, to s cience and engineering. He lived during a time filled with other brilliant people. The achievements that he has made in his lifetime were unimaginable and so advanced for his time period, that many of his ideas were not taken seriously until modern times. Leonardo da Vinci was born in April 15, 1452 in the Republic of Florence. He was the illegitimate son of a FlorentineRead MoreThe Torment of Saint Anthony635 Words   |  3 Pagesprelude to the colors used in the Sistine Chapel. The Last Supper The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci, painted between 1495 and 1498, on a dry wall instead of on wet plaster, is not considered a true â€Å"fresco.† A fresco cannot be corrected as the artist works, so daVinci sealed the stone wall with a layer of pitch, gesso and mastic, then used tempera upon this sealing layer (The Last Supper, 2009). daVinci has also used the practice of the times of seating his subjects on one side of the tableRead MoreThe Last Supper Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesRenaissance, there was an explosion of new ideas, philosophies, and art work of the new era. These new ideas had a new effect on these artwork, literature, and ways of thoughts. Leonardo Da Vinci played a major role on his new ideas and paintings during the Renaissance Period. In this paper I will be analyzing â€Å"The Last Supper,† by Leonardo Da Vinci. The Renaissance is defined as The humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th centuryRead MoreDa Vinci : A Genius And The Definition Of A Renaissance Man1326 Words   |  6 Pagesintellectual interests and is accomplished in areas of both the arts and the sciences.† This is a term still used today, and its derivation is obvious. Many people in the Fourteenth to Sixteenth Centuries were skillful artists and scientists, but Leonardo da Vinci was the quintessential Renaissance man†. His talents without a doubt extended far beyond his artistic works. Like many leaders of the Renaissance humanism, he did not just see art he saw science, architecture, technology Da Vinci saw theRead MoreTok - Model1449 Words   |  6 PagesA good example for that is the Mona Lisa by Leonardo DaVinci. Although he drew a women in a realistic way, her eyebrows are missing, which lets people detach from the painting emotionally as she seems less human in a way. In the Arts models can also be something different. A very good example for that would be the Mona Lisa by Leonardo DaVinci. His model we assume was a woman or a man that must have looked just like an everyday person, however DaVinci whether on purpose or not left out any emotionRead MoreThe Greatness Of Leonardo Da Vinci Essay910 Words   |  4 Pages The Greatness of Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci is known as one of the greatest artiest and scientist of our time. He was a famous artist, architect, musician and scientist. He was one of the first to take a scientific style towards understanding how our world works and how we see it. While critically influenced by the writings of the ancient Greeks and Romans, Leonardo, unlike many of his colleagues, saw the limitations of seeking the truth solely in those writings or the Bible (Leonardo’sRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci And The World Of Engineering1578 Words   |  7 Pagesat all, but they all in fact have something in common. The common thread that links these things is Leonardo Da Vinci. Leonardo has impacted the world of engineering in so many different ways, it is almost impossible to count them all. He is considered to be the father of numerous innovations and designs and some of his original works are still being referenced today. This essay will discuss Leonardo and how his inventions were not only masterpieces in his time, but also how they provided a foundation

Why Do We Love Superheroes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 372 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Superhero Essay Did you like this example? Do you like Deadpool? if you dont then you probably have another favorite Hero.In this story we will talk about why we are obsesed with Superheros.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One reason we love Superheros according to www.debate.org is because we are obsessed with their power.Also acorrding to the slide share we americans are obsessed with heros because of their powers.For example when wonder woman went in to fight the Nazis and she singlehandedly rescued over 100 men.Another example is superman immigrated to earth and he was powerful that probably is the reason some people like superman. Another example is the black panther because he is rich,athletic,and powerful and again that is probably why most people like the black panther. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Why Do We Love Superheroes?" essay for you Create order   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another reason why we love the myth gods of America is because they are always there when we need them.Acorrding to the circle map some americans like Superheros because they are always there during rough times. For example the black panther came to life when we had civil rights and people of color come into the comics.Another example is wonder woman because she was created during womans liberation. Another example is captain America when he fought and defeated hitler in the world war 2. Another example is when the x-men fought to be against society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The reason I as a human are obsessed with Superheros is because they give me hope.Acorrding to myself I am obsessed with Superheros because they give me hope. For example when I was going through some negative times they gave me hope. Another example is when me and my cousin get in a fight we would stop in the middle of it and talk About our favorite Superheros and why their our favorite. Another example is when my siblings fight I would stop them and calm them down by talking about marvel characters. Another example is when people try to make fun of me I would just walk away and think about Superheros.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We are obsessed with Superheros because they give us hope and we are obsessed with Superheros because of their power and because they are always there when we need them.That is the reason we are obsessed with Superheros.

Analysis Of The Article, And The Article By Roper, Vecera...

ABTRACT: It is believed that adolescences attention is extremely different to adult attention. However this is not the case and the article by Roper, Vecera and Vidya (2014) clearly highlighted that rewarding stimuli and cognitive process influences the attention between adolescence and adults not the age differences. The researchers outlined the variables of the experiments so the results can be replicated again therefore verify the main argument of this study. The researchers also used comparative study to gain a better understanding as to why age differences did not influence attention in adolescences and adults. Lastly the researchers did not use random selections but used individuals that meet their criteria to find clear correlations between rewarding stimuli and attention between adolescences and adults. By using these three techniques the author of this article was able to clearly show that rewarding stimuli and cognitive processes affected attention in adolescences and adults not the age difference. Roper, Vecera and Vidya (2014) article â€Å"Value –driven attentional capture in adolescence† was written well and made strong correlations between adolescences and adults. The main arguments that was highlighted in this article was that there was a difference in attention between adolescences and adults however it was not the age that influenced each group but it s the rewarding stimuli and cognitive processes that influences the difference in attention between

Carbon Pollution as a Major Threat to Humanity and the IMC Plan to Ach Case Study

Essays on Carbon Pollution as a Major Threat to Humanity and the IMC Plan to Achieve Societal Support in Formulating the Carbon Tax Case Study The paper â€Å"Carbon Pollution as a Major Threat to Humanity and the IMC Plan to Achieve Societal Support in Formulating the Carbon Tax" is a pathetic example of a case study on environmental studies. Governments impose a tax as a means to manage the country’s resources. They use the collected revenue to cater to national budgets, projects and wages to its employees. Taxes ensure that the government acquires stability in terms of financial resources. Taxes are useful because they assist the government to support the society in the form of public investments, such as internal security, hospitals, and schools. Environmental protection is fundamental since all form of humankind relies on natural resources for survival. Carbon pollution from industries, burning of fossil fuels and aerosols threatens the existence of natural resources. A country has to ensure that sustainable development occurs so as to protect the future generation’s interests. Carbon emittance degrades the atmosphere by depleting the ozone layer, thus, creating a greenhouse effect. The carbon tax charged by the government is a form of penalty to activities that result in negative effects in society. This means that the carbon tax caters to the social cost involved to clear up the mess created by the pollutants. The political factors of a country influence the impact of tax levied on carbon. Practices of influential organizations such as lobbying with government officials may lead to a reduction in the tax imposed. This makes it difficult for the laid out objectives to be accomplished due to a reduction of funds. It may also lead to a tax increment if the influential organizations argue out a negative utility on the clean-up cost. These factors make the level of production fluctuate, thus, emphasizing the necessity to create a uniform carbon tax.A target audience segment analysis;The target countries on which these carbon taxes should be implemented are those that utilize and emit carbon. This means that the whole world at large is a potential member state to the tax regulatory body. Countries with large carbon usage and emission fight against carbon taxation. They include the United States of America, China, and Russia, since they widely use carbon to produce electricity. The regulatory bodies implement the taxes indirectly through common user practices such as motor vehicles. This is because it is challenging to identify the amount of carbon harm caused by individuals with regards to global warming, once the carbon is in the atmosphere. The countries involved paying taxes in accordance with carbon content. The countries which refute carbon taxes view it as a form of reducing production and job opportunities. The body in charge of carbon and energy taxes is the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.Global warmingGlobal warming occurs due to ozone layer depletion by several gases. Carbon dioxide released through human activities creates a significant cont ributor too ozone layer depletion. The ozone layer protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet rays. Once the ozone layer erupts, the harmful UV-rays penetrate the earth, thus destroying crops and human health. There occurs global warming due to the increment in waves. This causes the climate to change in the long run. The drivers to climate change include decreased water levels, which in turn leads to poor sanitation levels. This will, in the long run, ensures that human health degrades. Global warming statistics record an increase in temperature by 0.8 degrees Celsius since the beginning of the 20th century. Assessment reports on increment in the ocean and atmospheric temperatures record a double effect for the 21st Century. Events such as a rise in sea levels and global temperature follow due to the greenhouse effect. This mostly affects the arctic region where glaciers and permafrost melting occurs. All these events lead to the global warming controversy which exists in society by the media. This is because the issue of increased rates of temperatures in the future by humans or otherwise has to be accounted for. A cost-benefit analysis, of the most suitable method of controlling carbon emissions, has to occur to enable the government to choose a  method that will not hinder production but will ensure that carbon pollution decreases.

Data Communication Reviewer Free Essays

Reviewer DataCom: Chapter 1-5 Chapter 1: Intranet- Restricted group on a company and only allows internal employee access. Extranet- Type of network that allows outside vendors special access to limited info in a company. Protocols- Rules of communication. We will write a custom essay sample on Data Communication Reviewer or any similar topic only for you Order Now * An identified sender and receiver * An agreed-upon method of communicating * Common language and grammar * Confirmation or acknowledgement requirements Elements of a Network: * Rules or agreements: protocols or how the message is semt, directed, received and interpreted. * Massages: units of info that travels Medium: means of interconnecting these devices, can transport the messages * Devices: devices on the network exchange messages Messages- a generic term that encompasses forms of communication enabled by the Internet. Devices- several devices work to see that the message is properly directed to the source to the destination device. Icons- symbols that graphically presents network devices and media. * Desktop Computer * Laptop * Server – a computer dedicated to providing app services * IP Phone – a digital phone * LAN media * Wireless media LAN switch – most common device for interconnect LANs * Firewall – provides security to networks * Router – helps direct messages between networks * Wireless router * Cloud – summarize a group of networking devices * WAN media IP (Internet Protocal) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) – most common protocols * WWW – HTTP * E-mail – SMTP * Instant messae – XMPP * IP telephony – SIP Convergence – coming together of technologies onto a digital platform. It occurs when computer communications all use the same rules to transport their messages. Network Architecture – the conceptual plans on which a physical network is built. Fault tolerance- needs to function even if some components fail * Scalability- network’s ability to grow react to future changes * Quality of service- performance level of services. Prioritize traffic and its characteristics to manage data. * and Security Packets-single message is broken into small blocks of data. Bandwidth- measure of the data-carrying capacity of the network. Chapter 2: Elements of communication: * Message source, or sender * Destination, or receiver * Channel- media that provides pathway Network- refers to data networks carrying massages. Segmentation- all messages are broken into smaller pieces Multiplexing- occurs when segments of two messages can shuffle into each other and share the medium. * Increased efficiency of network communication End device- a piece of equipment that is either the source or the destination of a message on a network. Host- an end device that sends or receives messages. Clients- other hosts that set up to store and share info by the host servers *The host address is a unique physical address used by hosts inside a LAN. Intermediary device- connects the individual host to the network and connect multiple individual network to form an internetwork. Network access devices * Internetwork devices * Communication severs * Modems * Security devices Network media: Copper, Fiber-optic cable, Wireless Encoding- refers to the way data is converted to patterns of electrical, light, or electromagnetic energy. LAN- a group of end devices and users under the control of a common administrator. WAN- a network that is used to connect LANs that are geographically far apart. Internetwork- is a collection of two or more LANs connected by WANs. Proprietary – A limited-use protocol owned by a company. Network Representations: Network interface card (NIC)- provides the physical connection to the network at the PC or other host device. * Physical port- is a connector or outlet on a networking device where the media is connected to a host. * Interface- refers to how the device can allow 2 different networks to communicate. The organizations that standardize networking protocols are: * IEEE – Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers * IETF – Internet Engineering Task Force Interaction of Protocols: * Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) – common protocol that governs the way that a web server and a web client interact. Transport protocol – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the transport protocol that manages the individual conversations between web servers and web clients. * Internetwork protocol * Network access protocols – describes 2 primary functions: Data-Link Management the physical transmission of data on the media. Layered Models – describe the complex process of network communication. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) – is the most widely known internetwork reference model. Provides an abstract description of the network communication process. Developed by International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Application, Representation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical TCP/IP Model – defines the 4 communication functions that protocols perform. * Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access Encapsulation- Process of adding control info as it passes through the layered model Decapsulation- process of removing extra information Protocol Data Unit (PDU) – generic term for data at each level. Chapter 3: Presentation Layer has 3 primary functions: * Coding and conversion of application layer data * Compression of the data * Encryption of the data TCP/IP protocols: Domain Name System (DNS) – used to resolve internet names to IP address. * HTTP – used to transfer files that make up the web pages of the WWW. * Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) – used for the transfer of mail messages and attachments. * Telnet – a terminal emulation protocol used to provide remote access to servers and networking devices. * File Transfer Protocol (FTP) – used for interactive file transfer between systems. Process – each executing program loaded on a device. Client/server model Deamon – are describes as â€Å"listening† for a request from a client. Application layer services and protocols Peer-to-peer networking and applications * 2 or more computers are connected through a network and can share resources such as printers and files without having a dedicated server. nslookup – a utility that allows the user to manually query the name servers to resolve a given host name. ipconfig/displaydns – displays all the cached DNS entries 3 common message types are: * GET- is a client request for data. * POST and PUT- are used to send messages to that upload data to the web browser. E-Mail Server Processes: * Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) – process used to forward e-mail. * Mail Delivery Agent (MDA) Server Message Block (SMB) – a client/server file-sharing protocol. Chapter 4: Transport Layer – provides transparent transfer of data between end users, providing reliable data transfer services to the upper layers. It enables applications on devices to communicate. * Tracking the individual communications * Segmenting data and managing each piece * Reassembling the segments * Identifying the different applications * Performing flow control between end users * Enabling error recovery * Initiating a session Flow Control – can prevent the loss of segments on the network and avoid the need for retransmission. Used to avoid buffer overflows. Two most common transport layer: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) – incurs additional overhead to gain functions. * Web browsers, E-mail, File transfers UDP (User Datagram Protocol) – provide the basic functions for efficiently delivering the data pieces. Has the advantage of providing low-overhead data delivery. * DNS, Video streaming, Voice over IP (VoIP) 3 basic operations of reliability: * Tracking transmitted data * Acknowledging received data * Retransmitting any unacknowledged data Socket – refers only to the unique combination of IP address and port number. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) – assigns port number. Different types of ports: * Well-known ports (0 to 1023) – reserved for services and applications. * Registered ports (1024 to 49151) – are assigned to user processes or applications. * Dynamic or private ports (49152 to 65535) – also known as ephemeral ports, are usually assigned dynamically to client applications. netstat – a command that is an important network utility that you can use to verify TCP connections. It lists the protocol in use, the local address and port number†¦ Datagram – is a UDP segment (piece). Flags – are six 1-bit fields contain control information used to manage the TCP processes: * URG: Urgent pointer field significant * ACK: Acknowledgement field significant * PSH: Push function * RST: Reset the connection * SYN: Synchronize sequence numbers * FIN: No more data from sender *flags have fields that the only value is 1 bit and, therefore, has only two values: 1 or 0. 3 way handshake: Step 1 – SYN, Step 2 – SYN and ACK, Step 3 – ACK. Expectational acknowledgement – occurs when TCP uses the acknowledgement number in segments sent back to the source to indicate the next byte in this session that the receiver expects to receive. Window size – is the amount of data that a source can transmit before an acknowledgement must be received. Chapter 5: OSI Layer 3 – provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identified end devices. The network layer describes four tasks to be performed: * Addressing packets with an IP address * Encapsulation – is the process of adding that information. * Routing – is the process router perform when receiving packets†¦ * Decapsulation – is the process of removing encapsulation data at different layers. Source IP address – is the IP address of the sending host Destination IP address – is the IP address of the receiving host. IP header – contains the address information and some other bits that identify the PDU as a network layer PDU. Packet – is referred when an OSI layer 4 PDU has been encapsulated at the network layer. Hop – is each route that a packet takes to reach the next device. Common network protocol: * IPv4 – most widely used network protocol. * IPv6 – currently in use in some area. * Novell IPX – a widely popular internetworking protocol in the 1980s and 19990s. * AppleTalk – Apple Computer’s propriety networking protocol. Connectionless Network Service (CLNS) – a protocol used in telecommunication network. IPv4 basic characteristics: * Connectionless * Best effort (unreliable) * Media independent *Some networks have media restrictions and must enforce a Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU). Fragmentation – is the process when the network layer builds the pa ckets according to specification. Key fields: * IP source addressing * IP destination addressing * Time to Live (TTL) * Type of Service (ToS) * Protocol * Flag and Fragment Offset Other Key Fields: * Version * Internet Header Length (IHL) * Packet Length * Identification Header Checksum * Options * Padding *Because broadcast do not travel beyond the network boundary, the network is known as a broadcast domain. Gateway router – is the router a network uses to send and receive messages beyond the network. Hierarchical addressing – is read from the most general information to the most specific. Subnetting – the process when a large network needs to be divided into smaller subnets, additional network codes can be created using some of the bits designated for the host. *The default route is used when the destination network is not represented by any other route in the routing table. Next hop – is the address of the device that will process the packet next. *The route info can be manually configured on the router, creating what is known as a static route. Dynamic routing – when routers learn about routes automatically from other routers in the same internetwork. Routing Protocols – are the set of rules by which routers dynamically share their routing information. * Routing Information Protocol (RIP) * Enhanced Interior Gateway Protocol (EIGRP) * Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 3 key factors to consider when grouping hosts into a common network: * Purpose * Ownership * Geographic location How to cite Data Communication Reviewer, Papers

Seeking Influence Integrated Resource Plan †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Seeking Influence Integrated Resource Plan. Answer: Introduction The project management is an integral format for the development of the improved functional analysis (Bury 2017). The alignment of the effective project integration would be helpful for forming the supportive development of the project integration and development. The project analysis had provided the support for the alignment of the significant development model for the operations. The analysis of the project management organization structure, analysis of the requirements, and evaluation of the stakeholders are a crucial factor for the project report. The following assignment covers the project of risky road construction at Carillion for ensuring the proper project documentation is made. The alignment of the integration method would be result in forming the development of the proper documents for the project of the developing the risky roads in Carillion. The project has faced some issues and had resulted in overall failure of the project (Devaux 2014). The following reports highlights the issues of the project, description of the project and project organization structure, management requirements and slackness that occurred in the project, reason of failure and solutions for the project, and involved stakeholders and their influence. The complete analysis of the project would tend to form the detailed project report so that a general overview of the project can be made (Kerzner 2013). It would also serve the purpose of the base document for developing all larger projects in future. The project of Carillion risk road construction project is implied for developing road across the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route. The Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route was one of the biggest infrastructure development projects (Cicmil et al. 2017). The project had been formed for ensuring the improvement of the travelling in north east of Scotland. The project had been expected to support the conveyance of the people around the Scotland. The project had been supportive for the alignment of the road development. The road development projects have significant influence on the deployment of the profound alternatives (Hegazy 2013). The project would support the formation of the road in the Carillion area for ensuring that the people get benefit of the simple alignment of the construction activities. The decision of the Scottish government along with the local council was taken for constructing the road in Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route (Heldman 2015). The people have been waiting f or development of the 36 mile or 58 km long route so that they can travel across the Scotland. The project was supposed to provide work to thousands of local people for working and earning their livelihood from the project (Bury 2017). These local people had been suffering due to the slowed oil industry and the project would have provided them with an opportunity for earning their bread and butter till the oil industry gains the pace. However, the project turned out to be a fiasco and the construction activities could not yield much of the support and development as expected. The project had turned out to be mishap and the project went is grave problems (Larson and Gray 2013). The projects had to be developed for ensuring the deployment of road in Carillion for the development of the 58 km route. The project had contributed to the 845 million for developing the project of Carillion. The project had been running simultaneously with two other projects of UK and Middle East and Canada. The project had been estimated to cost around 295m to 395m. However, the cost of the project rose to 745m. The project for construction was initiated by the end of February 2015 and the project managers realized by November 2016 that the project might not complete on time (Martin 2017). The construction of the roads would be supported by the development of the effective project management principles and the lack of the principles would result in generating the issues of implementing the project. Issues of the project The project of Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route had faced the development of the issues and it had caused the unsuccessful alignment of the operations (Martinelli and Milosevic 2016). The project had been facing the many problems like delay, increased budget, and off-course of the project operations. The delay in project is the primary reason for the development of the issues in the project of Carillions risky road construction. The construction of the road requires the involvement of the profound system integration and development of the road. The project for construction was initiated by the end of February 2015 and the project managers realized by November 2016 that the project might not complete on time (Svejvig and Andersen 2015). However, the lack of the alignment of the project to the principles and theories would result in forming the uncontrollable delay in the development of the project. The various delays in development of the projects were result of the misalignment of t he project and requirement of the increased timeline of the project. The increased cost of the project has been caused due to the slackness of the operations and deceased quality of operations (Sallis 2014). The overall cost of the project was quoted without integrating the profiling of the sub-contractors. The project had been estimated to cost around 295m to 395m. However, the cost of the project rose to 745m. The cost has been increased due to the introduction of the sub contractors. The project client does not intend to take any risk and their exposure to risk is minimal (Pritchard and PMP 2014). The contractors of the project acted as the risk takers and hence they are responsible for the risk activities. The project was made on Fixed Cost contract and the contractors have pitched a certain amount for the project. However, the sub contractors are free to quote the price of their own choice and the contractor has to manage the cost of the project. The high rates of the sub contractors have resulted in causing the issue in the project completion. The project managers have been using extra money whenever they got stuck or are pushed back in the project for overcoming the problems. It has also resulted in causing the issue of the over budgeting for the project. Another major problem of the project was the sidetracking of the activities of the project of Carillion risk road development (Mok, Shen and Yang 2015). The project of Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route development had been running simultaneously with two other projects of UK and Middle East and Canada. Hence, it was probable that the project had been sidetracked several times. The project involves the deployment of the effective route construction in Scotland. The construction was side tracked due to shortage of the assets, difficulty in raising money or bailing from the problems. The structure of the road was very brisk and it was also one of the reasons why the project had suffered. The project management organization had to suffer the issues in straitening of the risk road (Nicholas and Steyn 2017). The route to be constructed was 58 km or 36 miles long and the drainage, earthworks, rock crushing, and steel work tolled an amount of 200 million for Balfour Beatty, Aberdeen, Gallifo rd Try, and Carillion. Nature of the project and project organization structure The project was Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route Development project for constructing Carillions risk road. The project was construction based renovation project work and it required the involvement of the technicians for ensuring the project is completed (Sears et al. 2015). The contractor also requires some sub-contractors for drainage, earthworks, rock crushing, and steel work apart from the laying of the roads. The project was contract based and the clause was made for Fixed Cost. The alignment of the profound development would tend to develop the assertive project integration and management. The alignment of the project would also help in forming the development of the construction management. The project of Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route Development has been structured in PMO or project management organization structure that has project governance level, project management level, and project operational level. The project governance level consists of the client, president, board of directors, and other governing bodies (Pritchard and PMP 2014). The project would form the development of the profound integration and development. The activities of the project would tend to imply the development of the project operations. The alignment of the project integration would allow the users to form the development of construction project. The alignment of the project integration would form the management of the construction. However, the management level of the project structure consists of the managers and contractors. They are in-charge of the development of the operations and the alignment of the activities to the operational level. This level carries on the management of the operations and forms the bridge between the governance level and operational level. The operational level of the PMO structure manages the activities of the project and includes the sub-contractors, workers, and other members of the project who are responsible for performing the activities. The operational level forms the deployment of the effective and improved operational development (Coombs 2014). The activities of 58 km or 36 miles long route development along with drainage, earthworks, rock crushing, and steel works are all done by this level of people. The operational level members are being instructed by the members of the managerial level to carry on the activities as planned by them. Management Requirements and Slackness that occurred in the project The management requirements of the project include the scope management, change management, risk management, and cost management plan. The construction of the Carillions risky roads development was formed for ensuring that the people gets the benefit of the 58 km long route in Scotland. The construction activities require a number of people and materials (raw materials and equipments). The alignment of the management activities would be helpful for developing the construction of the road (Heldman 2015). The disregard for the development of the construction activities was formed for ensuring that the project is aligned and completed successfully. The management of the equipments and materials would help in ensuring that the project is defined for the equipment handling and development. The analysis of the system would provide the intuition of the formation of the activities for forming the development of the operations (Flyvbjerg 2013). The management requirements would be developed f or ensuring the development of the construction project of Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route project for Scotland. The slackness that occurred in the project consists of the delay, increased budget, and off-course of the project operations (Fleming and Koppelman 2016). The project for construction kicked off by the end of February 2015 and the project managers had understood by November 2016 that the project would not complete on time. However, the lack of the alignment of the project to the principles and theories had resulted in forming the uncontrollable delay in the development of the project. The various delays in development of the projects were result of the misalignment of the project and requirement of the increased timeline of the project. The project had been estimated to cost around 295m to 395m. However, the cost of the project rose to 745m. The cost has been increased due to the introduction of the sub contractors. The project client does not intend to take any risk and their exposure to risk is minimal (Flyvbjerg 2013). The contractors of the project acted as the risk takers and he nce they are responsible for the risk activities. The project was made on Fixed Cost contract and the contractors have pitched a certain amount for the project (Hegazy 2013). However, the sub contractors are free to quote the price of their own choice and the contractor has to manage the cost of the project. The high rates of the sub contractors have resulted in causing the issue in the project completion. The project management organization had to suffer the issues in straitening of the risk road (Coombs 2014). The route to be constructed was 58 km or 36 miles long and the drainage, earthworks, rock crushing, and steel work tolled an amount of 200 million for Balfour Beatty, Aberdeen, Galliford Try, and Carillion. Reason of failure and Solutions for the project The project failed due to the lack of the proper project management principle alignment and development. The issues of the project include the delay in the project and over budgeting of the project operations (Burke 2013). The construction of the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route project faced the issue due to the involvement of the sub-contractors. The project was estimated to be completed in a budget of around 295m to 395m and the project client did not intend to take any risk and their exposure to risk was minimal. The contractors of the project had pitched a certain amount for the project and the project was made on Fixed Cost contract. On the other hand the sub contractors had formed the high rates for their work that had resulted in causing the issue in the project completion (Fleming and Koppelman 2016). The company had been cutting back the in-house activities for overcoming the increase in expenses and it has resulted in causing the disruption to the development of the opera tions of the project. The contractors had been struggling to form the management of their operations in the project and the employment of the sub contractors. The employment of the sub contractors would help in overcoming the payroll and overheads but the control of the project gets slackened from the main contractor (Cicmil et al. 2017). The project of Carillion risk road construction project was implied for developing road across the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route. The people of Scotland were waiting for development of the 36 mile or 58 km long route so that they can travel across the Scotland. The implication of the project management structure would form the development of the proper project handling and management (Devaux 2014). Some suggestions for the solution of the issues of delay, increased budget, and off-course of the project operations are given below, Development of Project Schedule: The development of the project schedule with the help of a proper project scheduling software would help in ensuring the project timeline. Provisional Budgeting: The development of the provisional budgeting would help in aligning the project with some extra resources for overcoming the probability of the cost overrun. Monitor System: The monitor system of the project would be helpful for the controlling the operations of the project and mitigate any issue that might affect the project. Involved stakeholders and their influence The involved stakeholders of the project consists of client, president, board of directors, and other governing bodies at project governance level, managers and contractors at the management level, and sub-contractors, workers, and other members of the project who are responsible for performing the activities at the operational level (Burke 2013). The stakeholders of the project are responsible for the supply and chain management, development of the project plan, communication planning, change management, scope development, activities scheduling, and governance of the project, construction activities, resource accumulation, and completion of the project. Conclusion It can be concluded that the project management had an integral format for the development of the improved functional analysis in any type of the project. The assignment had analysed the project management organization structure, analysis of the requirements, and evaluation of the stakeholders for the project of risky road construction at Carillion along with formation of proper project documentation. The report had highlighted the issues of the project, description of the project and project organization structure, management requirements and slackness that occurred in the project, reason of failure and solutions for the project, and involved stakeholders and their influence. The project was supposed to provide work to thousands of local people for working and earning their livelihood from the project. However, the project turned out to be a fiasco and the construction activities could not yield much of the support and development as expected. The project had been estimated to cost around 295m to 395m that rose to 745m and the project had been facing the many problems like delay, increased budget, and off-course of the project operations. The project management organization had to suffer the issues in straitening of the risk road. The route to be constructed was 58 km or 36 miles long and the drainage, earthworks, rock crushing, and steel work tolled an amount of 200 million for Balfour Beatty, Aberdeen, Galliford Try, and Carillion. The project was construction based renovation project work and it required the involvement of the technicians for ensuring the project is completed. The project was contract based and the clause was made for Fixed Cost and the project governance level consists of the client, president, board of directors, and other governing bodies. The management level of the project structure consists of the managers and contractors while the operational level of the PMO structure managed the activities of t he project and included the sub-contractors, workers, and other members of the project who are responsible for performing the activities. 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